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There’s no silver bullet when it comes to growing soybeans. It’s not about finding a variety that you can successfully plant across every acre. It requires several components working together to grow the best possible crop.
Syngenta agronomist Eric Richter urges growers to take a holistic view of soybean production. It’s something referred to as G x E x M – a simple yield equation that includes genetics (G), the environment (E) in which the crop is grown, and your management (M). Richter calls it the ‘systems approach’ and says it can really pay off.
G x E x M = more soybeans
“You can boost your yields up to 20% by placing the right variety in the right field and practicing good management,” he says.
It’s no surprise that ‘G’ is at the beginning of the equation. “It’s genetics first,” says Richter. “Build your soybean production around the variety.”
Using proven genetics that are locally validated can have a tremendous impact on your yield and bottom line. But genetics alone won’t help you hit your soybean production goals. The variety’s genetics and the field’s environment must work together – that’s where ‘E’ comes in.
“It’s the relationship of the genetics of the seed with the environment into which the seed is planted,” explains Richter, noting there can be astronomical differences in variety performance depending on the environment.
Control the controllable factors in your field
This encompasses biological factors such as soil type, fertility levels, and weed, pest and disease pressure. “In many cases, E is what we can’t change,” adds Richter. “It’s things like weather, which we need to react to and deal with.”
Agronomists have talked a lot about the concept of G x E over the years, but Richter recently added ‘M’ – for management – as another fundamental component.
“In the early days of my career, ‘M’ had a lot of limitations – there are tools we have now that we only dreamed about back then,” says Richter, pointing to advancements such as precision agriculture. “Technology is extremely exciting and gives growers the ability to really focus on the management aspects, hone their agronomic skills, and increase return on investment.”
Richter uses white mould, a disease that is challenging growers in 2017, to illustrate how the G x E x M components work together to limit yield loss.
Manage white mould with a systems approach
Starting with genetics first, select your variety wisely if you’ve got a history of white mould in your field. Growers may be tempted by the high yield index of a susceptible variety, but they need to be disciplined to acknowledge their white mould risk and choose a tolerant variety.
Richter notes that while genetics is a controllable factor, the environment is not something within a grower’s control. As a result, they need to be ready to react to challenging environmental conditions in a timely manner – such as a fungicide application in an optimal window. “Fungicides are not the magic bullet; they are part of the system to manage white mould,” he says.
From a management perspective, growers must follow cultural practices that help mitigate risk. For example, plant population has a significant influence on white mould as the disease favours a dense canopy. Again, if you have history of the disease in your fields, manage your risk by reducing your plant population.
Whether it is white mould or another devastating disease, G x E x M is a concept that Richter can’t drive home to growers enough. “It really is the building block of the systems approach and a driver of successful soybean production,” he says.
Want to move the yield needle forward in soy this season? Learn more at Soy Masters.